Trauma-Responsive ABA and NDBI

Trauma can stem from both sudden, distressing events and ongoing difficult situations, like accidents, abuse, or violence witnessed or experienced directly. For children, trauma might result from experiences like feeling abandoned, rejected, or powerless. This kind of trauma can lead to PTSD, which can interfere with the brain's ability to access the prefrontal cortex, resulting in the symptoms listed below. 

Certain research indicates that individuals diagnosed with ASD often experience and are significantly impacted by traumatic incidents. Additionally, these studies reveal a heightened vulnerability of individuals with ASD to develop PTSD, displaying higher occurrences of this condition compared to the general population. 

Symptoms of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

• Irritability & Aggression
• Difficulty Concentrating & Attention
• Social Isolation & Dissociation
• Depression & Negative Self-Talk
• Anxiety & OCD-Like tendencies
• Fatigue & Sleep Disturbances
• Lack of response to consequences

Key Protective Factors of Trauma or PTSD

• Co-Regulation After Traumatic Event 
• Strong Supportive Relationships

NDBI stands for Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions. It's an approach commonly used in the treatment and support of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). NDBIs are based on the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA) but focus on naturalistic settings and interactions to promote skill development and social engagement.

Key features of NDBIs include:

1. Naturalistic Settings: Instead of structured therapy sessions, NDBIs emphasize learning within the natural environment of the individual, such as home, school, or community settings.
2. Promotion of Social Engagement: NDBIs prioritize developing social communication skills, such as joint attention, reciprocal interaction, and social initiation, through everyday activities and interactions.
3. Embedded Teaching Strategies: Rather than discrete teaching trials, NDBIs incorporate teaching moments naturally into ongoing activities, allowing for more seamless skill acquisition.
4. Parent/Caregiver Involvement: NDBIs often involve training parents or caregivers to implement strategies and techniques in everyday interactions, promoting generalization of skills across different contexts.
5. Individualized Goals: Interventions are tailored to the specific needs and strengths of the individual with ASD, focusing on functional skills that are relevant to their daily life.

Overall, NDBIs aim to promote holistic development by integrating intervention into the natural routines and environments of individuals with ASD, thereby supporting skill acquisition and generalization across various contexts.

Learn More: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513196/